Laboratory studies on the possibility of Culex Quinquefasciatus to Harbor Hepatozoon SP. infecting cerastes cerastes cerastes viper in Egypt

A successful experimental infection of Culex quinquefasciatus with Hepatozoon sp. Infecting Cerastes cerastes cerastes viper was carried out under laboratory conditions of 24 +/- 3 C and 60-70% R.H..The period monitored for complete sporogonic cycle was 21 days. The effect of high parasitimic blood meal was nonsignificant [P>0.05] on preoviposition period and hatchability. Meanwhile a highly significant reduction was observed in oviposition rate, number of deposited eggs, number of hatched larvae and longevity [P<0.01]. On the contrary moderate infection with Hepatozoon revealed a great significant increase in fe- cundity [P<0.01] and a nonsignificant decrease in longevity [P>0.05]

Comparative susceptibilities of Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus to the infection with hepatozoon sp. infecting Saudi lizard [Uromastyx microlepis]

C. pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus females infected with Hepatozoon sp. present in the Saudi lizard Uromastyx microlepis were examined for sporogonic development. Mature zygotes formed synchronously at 8 hr then quickly subsided in C. pipiens. In C. quinquefasciatus zygote formation was more protracted and its density peaked at 12 hr. Losses in parasite abundance during the conversion of zygote to oocyst was nonsignificantly higher in C. pipiens than that in C. quinquefasciatus [P>0.05]. Melanotic encapsulation of oocysts was not observed for both mosquito species. On the 20th day sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of C. pipiens, while C.quinquefasciatus showed sporozoite-negative glands. Nearly half of mosquitoes with mature oocysts gave rise to sporozoite infected ones. Parasite populations were not normally distributed in either mosquito species but were described by a negative binomial type of distribution

Culex neavei theobald, as a possible transmitter of hepatozoon matruhensis to the Egyptian snake psammophis schokari

Stained smears of Culex neavei females infected with Hepattozoon matruhensis from Psaininophis schokari and kept at 20 +/- 1°C showed the complete developmental stage of the parasite. However, no detection of sporozoites was monitored when females were kept at 30 +/- 1°C. A successful infection of P hokari was carried out in the laboratory by C. neavei bites. The effect of infection on the mosquito longevity was insignificant [p > 0.05] under low temperature and highly significant [p < 0.001] under high temperature. The mortality rate was slightly affected at 20 +/- 1°C, but greatly affected at 30 +/- 1°C

Influence of amphibian and reptile on the feeding preference, longevity and reproductive capacity of Egyptian culex [culex] pipens linneaus [dipera-culicidae]

Using Bufo regularis and ten reptile species as hosts for Culex pipiens under laboratory conditions revealed a great effect on feeding preference as a significant long feeding periods together with a significant reduction in the blood meal ratios were recorded. Female mosquitoes offered the experimental animals showed a short life span with different significant levels. A recognizable reduction in the reproductive fitness of Cx. pipiens females was recorded. Delayed oviposition and low ICI values was obtained. The percentage of egg hatching was not affected by the experimental animals

Laboratory studies on the possibility of culex [culex] pipiens L. to harbour and transmit hepatozoon matruhensis to the Egyptian snake psammophis schokari

A successful experimental infection of Psammophis schokari snake with Hepatozoon matruhensis through Culex [Culex] pipiens bites was carried out under laboratory condition of 20 +/- 1°C and 60-70% R.H. The period monitored for gametocyte maturation ranged from 38 to 42 days while the recorded prepatent period ranged from 28 to 35 days. The effect of infection was nonsignificant on longevity, incubation period and percenttage of egg hatching [P > 0.05]. Meanwhile a significant increase [P < 0.05] in the preoviposition period together with a significant reduction [P <0.001] in the number of eggs deposited of infected females were recorded

Studies on some biological aspects of culex pipiens and culex quinquefasciatus [Diptera: culicidae] infected with hepatozoon sp. harboured by the saudian lizard uromastyx microlepis

Laboratory observations revealed that both C. pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus could harbour the parasitic Hepatozoon, while only Cx. pipiens succeeded to induce infection to the recipient lizard Uromastyx microlepis. A significant reduction in egg production together with a significant increase in the pre-oviposition period of C. pipiens was recorded. Incubation period and percentage of egg hatching showed no significant changes. Infection had no effect on the reproductive fitness of C. quinquefasciatus. Haematin excretion was normally distributed for all both species. No size difference was recorded between infected and uninfected ones. Infection did not affect longevity

Bionomics and laboratory transmission of Haemoproteus columbae Kruse by Pseudolynchia canariensis Maquet [diptera: Hippoboscidae] to two bird hosts in Egypt

Pseudolynchia canariensis succeeded to feed and survive normally on both Streptopelia senegallus and S. turtur. The feeding period, blood meal ratio and longevity of both male and female flies did not differ significantly [P >0.05] from the corresponding values for the natural host Columba livia. Infection of S. senegallus with Hemoproteus columbae through flies bites, injection with either infected salivary glands suspension or infected macerated lung tissue of C. livia revealed a high parasitemia levels accompanied with normal prepatent periods. However, in S. turtur, low parasitemia levels appeared after long prepatent periods when using the same course of infection with H. columbae

Role of Pseudolynchia canariensis in the transmission of Haemoproteus turner from the migrant streptopelia turner to new bird hosts in Egypt

Pseudolynchia canariensis flies offered the naturally infected migrant dove Streptopelia turtur with Hemoproteus turtur succeeded to induce weak infection in the raised Streptopelia turtur, only. Intraperitoneal, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection of macerated lung and liver tissues of infected doves revealed the appearance of low and moderate grade parasitemia in S. senegallus and the raised S. turtur. Flies offered laboratory infected donor doves of low and moderate parasitemia could transmit the parasite through all the experimental trials during the course of infection with variable degrees of parasitemia to both doves. All attempts to transmit H. turtur to Columba livia were unsuccessful